What Qualifies as Abnormal Bleeding?

Abnormal bleeding is that which happens in between regular periods. Women who have unusually heavy bleeding during periods are also considered to have abnormal bleeding. Periods that regularly last for well over a week, or even a couple of weeks, also qualify as abnormal bleeding. For women who are have finished menopause, any uterine bleeding qualifies as abnormal bleeding.

Why Does Abnormal Bleeding Occur?

Uterine polyps and fibroids are often a cause of abnormal bleeding. Hormonal deficiency or imbalance may also be the reason for the abnormal uterine bleeding. Women with endometriosis often experience abnormal bleeding. Women who take oral contraceptives may experience abnormal bleeding. This typically presents as "breakthrough" bleeding between menstrual cycles, but it typically resolves once a woman's body becomes accustomed to the contraceptive. Pregnancy is another potential reason for the abnormal uterine bleeding, as it is fairly common to have occasional bleeding in early pregnancy. There are also other less common reasons for abnormal bleeding, including cancer, infections, and systemic illnesses like hypothyroidism.

How is the Cause of Abnormal Bleeding Determined?

The OB/GYN will combine the information gathered during a physical exam and lab tests with the patient's medical history to determine why the abnormal bleeding is happening. Additional diagnostic procedures like ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, or MRI may be needed to determine the origin of the abnormal bleeding, as well.

How Can Abnormal Bleeding be Treated?

The treatment will vary based upon the reason for the abnormal bleeding. Oral contraceptives are helpful for regulating hormone-based abnormal bleeding. Patients who have endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal uterine cell growth leading to excessive bleeding) or cervical cancer may require surgery to resolve abnormal bleeding. Because there are so many different potential reasons for abnormal bleeding, the treatment will be highly customized based on the specific causes of the issue.